Europa is one of the Galilean moons of Jupiter, along with Io, Ganymede and Callisto. not be confused with the Cretan Bull that fathered the Minotaur and was captured by Heracles. Zeus once saw her on the seashore of Phoenicia playing … Hermes defeated Argus by cleverly putting him to sleep with a series of stories about gods. Apollodorus, The Library of Greek Mythology (Oxford World's Classics), translated by Robin Hard, Oxford University Press, 1999. Il décida d'envoyer ses trois fils Cadmos, Phénix et Cilix ainsi que sa femme à sa recherche. The materials for this story are taken from two poets, the Greek Aeschylus and the Roman Ovid, separated from each other by four hundred and fifty years and still more by their gifts and temperaments. Her name appeared on postage stamps celebrating the Council of Europe, which were first issued in 1956. Barry (1999) adduces the word Ereb on an Assyrian stele with the meaning of "night", "[the country of] sunset", in opposition to Asu "[the country of] sunrise", i.e. Yes, you heard it right, even Gods can get bored. For other uses, see, Τελφοῦσ᾽, ἐνθάδε δὴ φρονέω περικαλλέα νηὸν / ἀνθρώπων τεῦξαι χρηστήριον, οἵτε μοι αἰεὶ It is derived from the Greek word Eurōpē (Εὐρώπη) in all Romance languages, Germanic languages, Slavic languages, Baltic languages, Celtic languages, Iranian languages, Uralic languages (Hungarian Európa, Finnish Eurooppa, Estonian Euroopa). His variant story may have been an attempt to rationalize the earlier myth; or the present myth may be a garbled version of facts—the abduction of a Phoenician aristocrat—later enunciated without gloss by Herodotus. Zeus took that opportunity and ran to the sea and swam, with her on his back, to the island of Crete. The smallest of Jupiter's Galilean moons was named after Europa. Selon une version du mythe, Europe, fille du roi de Tyr, une ville de Phénicie (actuel Liban) fit un rêve8. Roman mythology adopted the tale of the Raptus, also known as "The Abduction of Europa" and "The Seduction of Europa", substituting the god Jupiter for Zeus. Other sources, such as the Iliad, claim that she is the daughter of Agenor's son, the "sun-red" Phoenix. An alternative suggestion due to Ernest Klein and Giovanni Semerano (1966) attempted to connect a Semitic term for "west", Akkadian erebu meaning "to go down, set" (in reference to the sun), Phoenician 'ereb "evening; west", which would parallel occident (the resemblance to Erebus, from PIE *h1regʷos, "darkness", is accidental, however). Her tale is also mentioned in Nathaniel Hawthorne's Tanglewood Tales. Elle a une sœur, Mycène, et un fils, Épaphos, par lequel elle est l'ancêtre des Danaïdes. Io was the daughter of the Greek river god Inachus. Europa was also another of Zeus's loves. Zeus transformed himself into the form of a magnificent white bull and appeared in the sea shore where Europa was playing. Many myths render Hera as jealous of his amorous conquests and a consistent enemy of Zeus' mistresses and their children by him. In 2012, an archaeological mission of the British Museum led by Lebanese archaeologist, Claude Doumet Serhal, discovered at the site of the old American school in Sidon, Lebanon currency that depicts Europa riding the bull with her veil flying all over like a bow, further proof of Europa's Phoenician origin. Europa was the beautiful daughter of the king of Tyre, Agenor. In Greek mythology, Europa (/jʊəˈroʊpə, jə-/; Ancient Greek: Εὐρώπη, Eurṓpē, Attic Greek pronunciation: [eu̯.rɔ̌ː.pɛː]) was the mother of King Minos of Crete, a Phoenician princess of Argive origin, after whom the continent Europe is named. [17] It is generally agreed that she had two brothers, Cadmus, who brought the alphabet to mainland Greece, and Cilix who gave his name to Cilicia in Asia Minor, with the author of Bibliotheke including Phoenix as a third. As a name for a part of the known world, it is first used in the 6th century BC by Anaximander and Hecataeus. Io bore a son, Epaphus, and a daughter, Keroessa, from Zeus. The name Europe, as a geographical term, was used by Ancient Greek geographers such as Strabo to refer to part of Thrace below the Balkan mountains. Answer to: Who is Io in Greek mythology? It is easy to distinguish the parts told by each, Aeschylus grave […] Dans la mythologie grecque, Europe (en grec ancien Εὐρώπη / Eurṓpē) est une princesse phénicienne, fille d'Agénor1, roi de Tyr, et de Téléphassa, et sœur notamment de Cadmus1. With the pass… La plus célèbre des Europes n'est pas celle que mentionne Hésiode (La Théogonie, 357) comme étant l'une des filles d'Océan et de Thétys, mais cette mortelle présentée dans L'Iliade (XIV, 321-323) comme la fille de Phénix, bien que la tradition s'accorde plutôt à voir en elle la sœur de ce dernier et donc la fille d'Agénor — lui-même fils de Libye et de Poséidon — et de Téléphassa. zeus, lesson, hades. In his Mundus Jovialis, published in 1614, Simon Marius claimed to have discovered Io and the other moons of Jupiter in 1609, one week before Galileo's discovery. It is common in ancient Greek mythology and geography to identify lands or rivers with female figures. She had an affair with Zeus, which Hera never learned about and therefore, never tried to pursue Europa to punish her. The first use of the term Europenses, to describe peoples of the Christian, western portion of the continent, appeared in the Hispanic Latin Chronicle of 754, sometimes attributed to an author called Isidore Pacensis[37] in reference to the Battle of Tours fought against Muslim forces. This can especially be said of the story of Europa. Zeus took that opportunity and ran to the sea and swam, with her on his back, to the island of Crete. Via Agenor, Europa was a great-great-granddaughter of Io, another famous lover of Zeus. [3] The earliest vase-painting securely identifiable as Europa dates from mid-7th century BC. Europa is the symbol of an opening of consciousness and his son Minos of a receptivity which unites with a higher light (Pasiphaé). Europa is carried away. The beauty of Europa inspired the love of Zeus, who approached her in the form of a white bull and carried her away from Phoenicia to Crete. She was the daughter of the King Agenor of Sidon and Europe was named after her. Keroessa mated with sea god Poseidon and gave birth to a son, Byzas, who would later found the … The poem was published with voluminous notes and critical apparatus: Winfried Bühler, Nova et accurata totius Europæ descriptio, "The Designer: And if Europe was Sidonian? Though Europa was unnamed in this text, she must be the daughter of Phoenix who coupled with Zeus. She is generally said to be the daughter of Agenor, the Phoenician King of Tyre;[14] the Syracusan poet Moschus[15] makes her mother Queen Telephassa ("far-shining") but elsewhere her mother is Argiope ("white-faced"). Zeus
As the sky god Zeus had easy access to goddesses and mortal women of the world and took full advantage of it
His power as a supreme god made him difficult to resist
He had 5 marriages before finally marrying his sister, Hera (Juno)
After his final marriage to Hera, the list of affairs is considerable
Zeus transformed himself into a chestnut bull and Europa loved it. [10] This proposal is mostly considered unlikely or untenable.[11][12][13].   Female Un jour, Europe cueillait des fleurs dans une prairie située au bord de la mer avec ses amies, les nymphes. It is notable as the first collection devoted exclusively to biographies of women in Western literature.[34]. Le jour même, Zeus la rencontra sur une plage de Sidon, se métamorphosa en taureau blanc, afin de l'approcher sans l'apeurer et échapper à la jalo… In the middle of the 20th Century observations were made suggesting that the polar regions of Io were red. In the territory of Phoenician Sidon, Lucian of Samosata (2nd century AD) was informed that the temple of Astarte, whom Lucian equated with the moon goddess, was sacred to Europa: The paradox, as it seemed to Lucian, would be solved if Europa is Astarte in her guise as the full, "broad-faced" moon. After marrying Asterion, the story of Europa comes to a close, for although it has to be assumed that as a mortal Europa died, this is not recorded in the ancient sources. She is remembered in De Mulieribus Claris, a collection of biographies of historical and mythological women by the Florentine author Giovanni Boccaccio, composed in 1361–62. Zeus later re-created the shape of the white bull in the stars, which is now known as the constellation Taurus. According to the legend, Europa was the epitome of feminine beauty on Earth. Europa is the namesake of Europa, daughter of the king of Tyre, a Phoenician noblewoman in Greek mythology. The moon Io is believed to have been discovered on 7 January, 1610 by Galileo. According to Herodotus ' rationalizing approach, Europa was kidnapped by Minoans who were seeking to avenge the kidnapping of Io , a princess from Argos . She goes down to the ocean with her friends to bathe and pick flowers, and Zeus arrives disguised as a magnificent bull. She came down from Mount Olympus and began dispersing the clouds. The second series of euro banknotes is known as the Europa Series and bears her likeness in the watermark and hologram. Io, in Greek mythology, daughter of Inachus (the river god of Argos) and the Oceanid Melia. By signing up, you'll get thousands of step-by-step solutions to your homework questions. These were named for male and female lovers of the god and other mythological persons associated with him. Even though Phineus was called the son of Agenor according to Apollodorus, his mother may be different because only three sons (Cadmus, Phoenix and Cilix) were born to Agenor and Telephassa. Roman mythology adopted the tale of the Raptus, also known as "The Abduction of Europa" and "The Seduction of Europa", substituting the god Jupiter for Zeus. Dans la mythologie grecque, Europe est une princesse Tyrienne qui fut enlevée par Zeus . Io was the princess of Argos, who Zeus fell in love with. According to Herodotus' rationalizing approach, Europa was kidnapped by Greeks (probably Cretans) who were seeking to avenge the kidnapping of Io, a princess from Argos. Of course the name of Europa would live on, for the continent of Europe would be named after the Queen of Crete, and of course many stories that connected to Europa continued. Having given birth to three sons by Zeus, Europa married a king Asterios, this being also the name of the Minotaur and an epithet of Zeus, likely derived from the name `Aštar.[26]. He then revealed his true identity, and Eur… Tableau du Titien, milieu du XVIe siècle. Zeus, Hera and Little Io - Ancient Greek Mythology - One day Zeus got really bored while in Mount Olympus. She was luckier than Io. As the two suffering beings meet on the craggy rock, they share a common injustice and pain.   Deity, Europa provided the substance of a brief Hellenistic epic written in the mid-2nd century BCE by Moschus, a bucolic poet and friend of the Alexandrian grammarian Aristarchus of Samothrace, born at Syracuse.[33]. The tale also features as the subject of a poem and film in the Enderby (fictional character) sequence of novels by Anthony Burgess. Under the name of Callithyia, Io was regarded as the first priestess of Hera, the wife of Zeus. That morning, Europa awakens from a strange dream in which two different continents were fighting over her. [16] Other sources, such as the Iliad, claim that she is the daughter of Agenor's son, the "sun-red" Phoenix. [4], Greek Εὐρώπη (Eurṓpē) contains the elements εὐρύς (eurus), "wide, broad"[5] and ὤψ/ὠπ-/ὀπτ- (ōps/ōp-/opt-) "eye, face, countenance". His mythology and powers are similar, though not identical, ... Io, Europa and Leda (for more details, see below) and with the young Ganymede (although he was mortal Zeus granted him eternal youth and immortality). The metal europium, a rare-earth element, was named in 1901 after the continent.[38]. the Belgian €10 European Expansion coin). According to mythology, Epaphus later founded the town of Memphis in Egypt, which he named after his wife. Galileo had a low-powered telescope and could not distinguish Europa from Io until 8th January. The most popular myth about Europa says that she was the daughter of Agenor, a Phoenician king, and later became a wife of Zeus, the King of Gods. Zeus gave her a necklace made by Hephaestus[3] and three additional gifts: Talos, Laelaps and a javelin that never missed. Sources differ in details regarding Europa's family, but agree that she is Phoenician, and from a lineage that descended from Io, the mythical nymph beloved of Zeus, who was transformed into a heifer. The discovery of the Galilean moons led to the understanding tha… Read Io and Zeus from the story Greek Mythology by goddessRhoda (๛ ελληνιδα θεα) with 615 reads. Other Greek Myths Io and Zeus Mythology lesson 2 jupiter (zeus) 1. Pendant ce temps, son père, Agénor, cherchait partout sa fille. M.A. Europa was officially discovered by Galileo Galilei on the 8th January 1610, along with the other Galilean moons of Jupiter. In Metamorphoses Book II, the poet Ovid wrote the following depiction of Jupiter's seduction: His picturesque details belong to anecdote and fable: in all the depictions, whether she straddles the bull, as in archaic vase-paintings or the ruined metope fragment from Sikyon, or sits gracefully sidesaddle as in a mosaic from North Africa, there is no trace of fear. At the end, Io reached the Nile River and transformed She is generally said to be the daughter of Agenor, the Phoenician King of Tyre; the Syracusan poet Moschus makes her mother Queen Telephassa ("far-shining") but elsewhere her mother is Argiope ("white-faced"). Jupiter's rocky moon Io is the most volcanically active world in the solar system, with hundreds of volcanoes, some erupting lava fountains dozens of miles (or kilometers) high. He then revealed his true identity, and Europa became the first queen of Crete. Often Europa steadies herself by touching one of the bull's horns, acquiescing. Sources differ in details regarding Europa's family, but agree that she is Phoenician, and from a lineage that ultimately descended from Argive princess Io, the mythical nymph beloved of Zeus, who was transformed into a heifer. The mythical Europa cannot be separated from the mythology of the sacred bull, which had been worshipped in the Levant. Asia (Anatolia coming equally from Ἀνατολή, "(sun)rise", "east"). The Dictionary of Classical Mythology explains that Zeus was enamoured of Europa and decided to seduce or rape her, the two being near-equivalent in Greek myth. The European Union has also used Europa as a symbol of pan-Europeanism, notably by naming its web portal after her and depicting her on the Greek €2 coin and on several gold and silver commemorative coins (e.g. [6] Broad has been an epithet of Earth herself in the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European religion.[7]. Barry (1999): « L’Europe et son mythe : à la poursuite du couchant ». After arriving in Crete, Europa had three sons fathered by Zeus: Minos, Rhadamanthus, and Sarpedon, the three of whom became the three judges of the Underworld when they died. Though his story titled "Dragon's teeth" is largely about Cadmus, it begins with an elaborate albeit toned down version of Europa's abduction by the beautiful bull. [2] Another early reference to her is in a fragment of the Hesiodic Catalogue of Women, discovered at Oxyrhynchus. ", A metope from Sicily, carved with Europa, c. 550 – 540 BCE, Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (ca 250 images of Europa), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Europa_(consort_of_Zeus)&oldid=995779949, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the New International Encyclopedia, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Zeus (Jupiter)
2. Zeus fell in love with her and, to protect her from the wrath of Hera, changed her into a white heifer. Zeus (Jupiter), the King of the gods according to Greek mythology, saw Europa as she was gathering flowers by the sea a nd immediately fell in love with her. [8] Europa was a princess of Phoenicia in Greek mythology.Her parents were Agenor, son of Poseidon, and Telephassa.Her brothers were Phoenix, Cilix and Cadmus.. The discovery of Europa and the other moons of Jupiter not only had astronomical but religious implications. The astronomer Simon Marius named a moon of Jupiter after Io in 1614. Europa climbs on top of his back, and as soon as she does, Zeus gallops away. There were two competing myths[27] relating how Europa came into the Hellenic world, but they agreed that she came to Crete (Kríti), where the sacred bull was paramount. Il leur donna l'ordre de ne pas revenir sans Europe et il ne les revit jamais. It is said that Zeus was fell in love and decided to seduce her; to do this he turned himself into a white bull. However, it may have been found on 7th January. Europa, in Greek mythology, the daughter either of Phoenix or of Agenor, king of Phoenicia. It should Kerenyi points out that these names are attributes of the moon, as is Europa's broad countenance. Europa in a fresco at Pompeii, contemporary with Ovid. They are the best sources for the tale. In Greek mythology Europa (/ j ʊ ˈ r oʊ p ə, j ə-/; Greek: Εὐρώπη Eurṓpē) was the mother of King Minos of Crete, a woman with Phoenician origin of high lineage, [1] and for whom the continent Europe was named. [25] He transformed himself into a tame white bull and mixed in with her father's herds. While Europa and her helpers were gathering flowers, she saw the bull, caressed his flanks, and eventually got onto his back. "[1], Europa's earliest literary reference is in the Iliad, which is commonly dated to the 8th century BC. An Argive princess, she was an ancestor of many kings and heroes such as Perseus, Cadmus, Heracles, Minos, Lynceus, Cepheus, and Danaus. To try to keep Hera from noticing, he covered the world with a thick blanket of clouds. Dans la mythologie grecque, Io (en grec ancien Ἰώ / Iố) est la fille (ou tout au moins la descendante, d'après le Catalogue des femmes la nommant « fille de Pirene ») du dieu fleuve Inachos, roi d'Argos, et de Mélia (ou d'Iasos et de Leucané). Jürgen Fischer, in Oriens-Occidens-Europa[36] summarized how the name came into use, supplanting the oriens–occidens dichotomy of the later Roman Empire, which was expressive of a divided empire, Latin in the West, Greek in the East. Astronomer Galileo Galilei gets the credit for discovering these moons, among the largest in the solar system. Europa though was not from Crete, for she was actually a born a prince of Tyre, a region now to be found in Lebanon, for she was the daughter of King Agenor, and his wife who was either Telephassa or Argiope. In the 8th century, ecclesiastical uses of "Europa" for the imperium of Charlemagne provide the source for the modern geographical term. However, Hera saw through the ruse and kept her under watch by Argus. While Europa and her helpers were gathering flowers, she saw the bull, caressed his flanks, and eventually got onto his back. [14][18] In Crete she married Asterion also rendered Asterius and became mother (or step-mother) of his daughter Crete. Io ( was, in Greek mythology, one of the mortal lovers of Zeus. The invention of the telescope revealed that the planet Jupiter, clearly visible to the naked eye and known to humanity since prehistoric times, has an attendant family of moons. The myth of Prometheus and Io shows how the enduring spirit of Prometheus is refigured in the suffering Io. Zeus sent Hermes to lull Argus to sleep and steal the cow. Greek mythology character, daughter of Agenor, "The Rape of Europa" redirects here. Mythe. Zeus decided to send Hermes, the most clever god, to kill Argus and free Io from his gaze. ἐνθάδ᾽ ἀγινήσουσι τεληέσσας ἑκατόμβας, / ἠμὲν ὅσοι Πελοπόννησον πίειραν ἔχουσιν / ἠδ᾽. This page was last edited on 22 December 2020, at 21:14. Europa riding Zeus turned into a bull. The Dictionary of Classical Mythology explains that Zeus was enamoured of Europa and decided to seduce or rape her, the two being near-equivalent in Greek myth. It … By telling the prophecy to Io, Prometheus gives her hope that will help her stay strong in … Io. The myth of Europa and Zeus may have its origin in a sacred union between the Phoenician deities `Aštar and `Aštart (Astarte), in bovine form. "[32], .mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}  Male In the more familiar telling she was seduced by the god Zeus in the form of a bull, who breathed from his mouth a saffron crocus[3] and carried her away to Crete on his back—to be welcomed by Asterion,[28] but according to the more literal, euhemerist version that begins the account of Persian-Hellene confrontations of Herodotus,[29] she was kidnapped by Cretans, who likewise were said to have taken her to Crete. Galileo doubted this claim and catalogued the work of Marius as plagiarism. [9] Europe est la fille de Agénor, roi de Tyr (région située à l'est de la Méditerranée) et de Téléphassa . 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